Many people are afraid to use mobile phones because of their allegedly negative effects on human health. Is that right? How much we are all exposed to the influence of electromagnetic waves emitted by a cell?
The problem of the impact of mobile phones on health is analyzed for several years. Although the cells emit an electromagnetic field as well as satellite TV, hair dryer and a microwave, it is they cause the most concern. Whether they can cause various illnesses, increase the likelihood of cancer or result in a significant injury?
Theory
Electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phones are the microwave, because their frequency is in the range 300 MHz - 300 GHz (DTM Network - 450 MHZ, GSM 800, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz). Disturbances in brain cellular structure, and thereby cause DNA damage and radiation waves. Their length, however, is less than 0.1 mm, and length of waves emitted by cell phones equal to 30 cm. It is not true that because of using the mobile phone body may be burned (the power of the phone is too small), yet reports of such amazing events every few months are published on the Internet or in American newspapers.
Shorter wavelength than the waves can still cause adverse consequences if it is emitted too much power. The security level is determined by the SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) measured in W / kg. Since 2002, all cameras must be stated on the box value. By world standards, it can not exceed 2 W / kg. The new phones do not even reach the level of 1.5 W / kg. In such irradiated tissue can be heated (by a few minutes mobile phone use) to 0.1 degree C. Given the variations in brain temperature, which may be about 1 degree C, the camera should have virtually no negative impact on health.
They should also raise concerns GSM signal transmitters, or BTS-y. In all European Union countries it is assumed that the intensity of waves generated by the BTS shall not exceed 4.5 W / m 2 for the GSM 900 and 9 W/m2 for GSM 1800, the U.S. standards are more lenient and are respectively 6 and 12 W / m2. In Poland, the standards are very stringent and are 0.1 W / m 2 for both GSM systems, which is several times less than in the examples. Safe distance, what should you share from the BTS's, is 20 meters, taking into account that the relay is located on a large amount, you should not have any fear when you are even close to the BTS-in. Persons who live on the top floors of buildings, for which it has a transmitter, also can sleep peacefully. The intensity of waves after passing by a building falling over 250-fold and is imperceptible to the body. It is a pity that many people are not aware of it. Thus, every tenth pole ranked by any of the operators produces a protest of the population living in the vicinity. When a church tower stood BTS, the parishioners were indignant, claiming that because the transmitter dying cow. Under the pressure of the faithful pastor had requested images BTS-in.
Practice
The first charge telecommunications companies for use of equipment which the emission of electromagnetic waves caused the death, appeared at the beginning of the 90s The more people dowiadywało about possible side effect mobile phone or unhealthy working at the base station (BTS), this brings more lawsuits to court. Research institutes began to undertake research on mobile phone radiation. , The first results. Alan Preece of the University of Bristol carried out an experiment in which the subjects exposed to waves that cell phones emit, slowly answered questions posed by the teacher. By contrast, rats subjected to long-term effect of such waves pass through a maze of more than those in the control group.
In 1995, scientists have shown that the waves emitted by mobile phones can contribute to damage DNA. In future experiments, the result no longer repeated.
How unreliable can now be such a study is shown by two independent groups. One of them (from the Royal Adelaide Hospital) after irradiation by radio waves lymphoma-prone rats received the results showing that in these animals incidence of this cancer occurs twice as often. The second group of the University of Califronia rats undergoing similar tests. The results surprised everyone ... unless irradiated rats were twice as sick less often of cancer than those in the control group.
Expert opinions
Until today, no one was able to state clearly that cell phones have a negative impact on human health. Unfortunately, no research group has not demonstrated that the effect does not exist. Due to the enormous costs that could result in incorrect analysis of the experiments, research teams are limited to giving advice to telecommunications companies and global health organizations.
Stewart Inquiry in its latest report states:
-Children under 16 should limit calls to mobile phones to an absolute minimum, or abandon them altogether. It is permissible to write a short message SMS as the phone in the process of writing and sending is located at a safe distance from the head.
- BTS-y, it is true, emit microwaves, but their impact on the human body is many times less than the phones themselves.
Transmitters may cause, at most, not the best well-being of people living nearby, the ground relays should not be fitted in the vicinity of schools or other places where children are present.
It is also important to remember:
- Limiting conversations in places where coverage is weak. In such cases, the phone works with increased strength, and thus - strongly affects the body,
- Nietrzymaniu phone antenna or zakrywaniu finger from the top of the camera's built-in antenna. Such a procedure makes the signals reach the phone are weaker, so the camera begins to behave as if he was in a smaller area coverage,
- Resigning from the purchase of screens or other devices of this type to be imposed on the antenna or the entire phone, rendering the radiation emitted from the body will be smaller. As it turns out, the effect of such inventions is the opposite - the phone loses coverage, increases brain power and replaced by an even stronger dose of the waves.
Surest way to protect against possible negative effects of mobile phone is to minimize the talks. When this is impossible, the manufacturers recommend the use of headsets. Unfortunately, in this case there are doubts. Research conducted at the end of 1999 showed that the headset enhances the action of waves on the brain. Experiments on a half years gave very different results, supporting the thesis about the validity of headsets.
Cameras with built-in antenna, which retain the right standards for SAR and emit waves of identical distribution as phones with external antenna, but could not determine whether the emission of these waves does not take place more in the direction of the head than any other mobile phone, which kind of antenna protrudes beyond the head.
Definitely negative
Using the mobile phone driving without a headset or handsfree increases the danger of an accident by 30 percent. Even talking on the phone causes the dispersal and slow reaction, which increases the threat of the negative return home by 15 percent.
Tip:
Testing the effects of radio waves on the human being for 50 years. In the past 10 years was spent on 60 million dollars (he of Wireless Technology Research program cost $ 25 million).
Largest agencies in the field of study of electromagnetic waves include: INCNIRP M. - International Commisision on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and the Stewart Inquiry UK. In 2003, the analysis will be carried out (conducted by the International Agency for Research into Cancer in 1500 people aged 21 to 69 years), which demonstrates that the radio waves are a potential source of cancer.
From 1996 to 2005 continues with the WHO EMF Project indicate negative effects (or lack thereof) of mobile phone use, its cost is estimated at 5.4 million dollars. WHO recommendations are put into force by a consortium of MMF & GSMA (GSM Association is an organization, which includes manufacturers of mobile phones, and that deals with setting technology standards to be implemented in future devices).
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